摄影构图解析!

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 13:50

因荒J等友邻询问有关摄影方面的知识,我整理了一些风景画的构图规则.(同样适用于摄影)供大家参考.希望在外出拍片时有所启发. <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813482313846.bmp" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813482313846.bmp\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />看上图。风景画中应该有一个兴趣中心，它是画面中最重要、最美的部分。通过运用较鲜明的色彩或较强对比度，亦或是让兴趣中心包括引人注目的焦点，都可以使兴趣中心本身得以强化。兴趣中心是画面的重点，周边区域应处于从属地位。良好的兴趣中心包含以下内容： 。鲜明的色彩，如有可能还应有互补色 。强烈的反差(明_暗) 。占据较好的画面位置 。人造景物、动物及人将进一步强化兴趣中心，它们成为画面的主角。 。兴趣中心周边的次要元素要能将观众的注意力引向兴趣中心 (如图1图2) 。兴趣中心不要放在正中央或图片的1/2处，较好的方法应用三分法。 。不要将兴趣中心封闭起来--哪怕非常轻微，因为这样会减弱它的重要性。 。设计良好的兴趣中心应能吸引并维持观众的注意力。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 13:52

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813512060098.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813512060098.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 海滨作为视觉引导线，将注意力引向兴趣中心--桥。

荒j · 发表于 2006-6-8 13:52

沙发!

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 13:54

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813541088527.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813541088527.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 这幅画并不需要前景上的花

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 13:56

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813554598524.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813554598524.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 第一幅图园木太直并指向了画面边缘。中间的那幅是编辑过的，一些伸出的及未端的树枝减弱了园木直指画面边缘的效果。第三张干脆将它拿走，这时观众的视线将顺着海岸走。 b和c较好。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 13:57

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813572856289.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066813572856289.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 看画的右侧，画家的将右边的明暗反差降低，馬融入树林。如果这匹马的亮度提高，观众将顺着这匹马看到右侧画面的外面去了

荒j · 发表于 2006-6-8 13:58

谢了!水木胸.细细看,慢慢学.

kingniu · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:00

[em02][em02][em02]

hahaxixi · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:00

学习中

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:00

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668140671351.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668140671351.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />引导视觉的线条太直。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668140675111.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668140675111.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 线条较舒缓，使观从能更好地浏览画面

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:04

重要的对象集聚在兴趣中心,别将它们分散到那些易使注意力分散的地方。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/2006681424465002.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/2006681424465002.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 人物的位置分布较好。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:05

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/2006681452550732.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/2006681452550732.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 马的位置不对。如果将马放到长椅子附近，影像将大为改观。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:08

<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668148567723.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668148567723.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />将前景变暗可增加距离感。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668148577618.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/200668148577618.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 利用雾增加透视感是个不错的选择。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:11

使画面兴趣中心的反差最强烈—让明暗形成强烈的对比。减弱画面的其它地方的反差以避免注意力分散--让明暗形成中等的对比.<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814104737418.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814104737418.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />错。左边的树分散了注意力—明暗对比突出。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814104769221.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814104769221.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 较好。左边的树作过裁减，反差也降低了。这样注意力就很容易集中在野牛身上。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:14

如果画面留有空白，将不会显得那么拥挤；在兴趣中心前方留点空白，效果更为明显。空白的作用是给画面留点喘息的空间和想像的空间。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814134451224.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814134451224.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 松前的白雪形成了令人舒畅的空白区。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:17

如果不能确定让视觉引导线(如河流或道路)从哪里开始，那么应认真考虑这个观点：大多数人阅读习惯是从左到右，纯粹是个习惯问题，看物体时眼睛也会从左向右扫视。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814162721034.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814162721034.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:18

如同看书一样，从左上角开始看图也是一种视觉习惯。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/2006681418057773.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/2006681418057773.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:21

避免同型的两个物体：如形状、线条、运动和大小等。它们相互争夺、相互冲突. <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814203087145.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814203087145.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />图中两孪生白桦树,理想的情况是其中一棵倾斜，另外两者的大小要有所差异 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814203017730.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814203017730.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 两匹马大小相同、位置也一样。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:24

避免将人群分成偶数。万一要描绘两个人，也应从体形大小及位置上作精心按排。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814233457593.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814233457593.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />不正确。由于Poses相似、大小相似，两只鹿相互争夺(而导致注意力分散)。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814233438919.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814233438919.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />较好。两只鹿有着不同的形态和不同的位置。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814233424704.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814233424704.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 将第三只鹿加在背景当中，画面得到更好的改善。

水清木华 · 发表于 2006-6-8 14:27

避免“吻”到边缘。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814262249998.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814262249998.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />牛仔的帽子吻到背景山的上部边缘。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814262276719.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2006-6/20066814262276719.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 好。每样东西都的位置都恰到好处。

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